Vedic Astrology, also known as Jyotish, is a centuries-old system of astrology of India. It has similarities with Western Astrology, so if you are familiar with Western Astrology, you will recognize common elements like the 12 signs of the zodiac, 12 houses, planets, planetary aspects, and transits. Elements such as the 27 nakshatras (fixed stars), divisional charts, and planetary periods that do not exist in Western Astrology facilitate discovery of deep insights within a chart.
Perhaps the most readily apparent difference, though, is the use of the sidereal zodiac in Vedic Astrology, whereas Western Astrology typically uses the tropical zodiac. The sidereal system accounts for the precession of the equinoxes, and the end result is that the planets (and ascendant, aka rising sign) in your Vedic Astrology chart are behind their positions in your Western (tropical) chart by the Ayanamsa, which is currently approximately 24 degrees. Since each sign covers 30 degrees of the zodiac, it is likely your planets will be in different signs and you will have a different ascendant in your Vedic chart. The precession of the equinoxes is well-known within astronomy and astrology communities, and has been discussed considerably online, including in a New York Times article in 2025; and hence I won't go into detail here.